Guía pedagógica para potenciar el cálculo matemático a través del material concreto a un estudiante con discapacidad intelectual en la Unidad Educativa Especial del Azuay “UNEDA”

Abstract

The development of mathematical calculation skills is fundamental to acquire them from the first years of life, since mathematics is one of the bases of students' academic formation. Mathematics provides a set of skills and knowledge that are indispensable for the participation of human beings. Therefore, the general objective of this research was to structure a pedagogical guide with strategies and examples of concrete material to enhance mathematical calculation skills in a student with intellectual disability belonging to the Special Educational Unit of Azuay "UNEDA". Theoretical research was conducted on intellectual disability, mathematical calculation skills and the conception of the meaning of a pedagogical guide. The research was based on the qualitative paradigm, with an exploratory and interpretative approach of intrinsic character. In addition, the techniques used were participant observation, documentary analysis, semi-structured interviews and an open script, the instruments used were the field diaries, mathematical screening test and checklist, which were used to characterize the case study and to propose an intervention proposal. Through the result of the research, a pedagogical guide was designed for teachers and parents to meet the needs of the case study, this guide is structured from an inclusive vision with strategies, innovative and environmentally friendly resources, it has several activities ranging from the simplest to the complex in order to develop mathematical calculation skills in students with intellectual disabilities.