Desarrollo de la motricidad fina mediante el uso de técnicas grafoplásticas en los infantes de 4 años del Centro de Educación Inicial Rita Chávez

Abstract

The present research arises from the observation made during the pre-professional practices where it was evidenced that the infants presented difficulties when performing activities focused on the digital pincer, manual and visual-manual coordination; therefore, it was oriented to the development of fine motor skills through the use of grapho-plastic techniques in children in Early Childhood Education. The general objective was to implement a system of activities that contribute to the development of fine motor skills in the area of corporal expression in 4 year old children in parallel D of the "Rita Chávez" Early Education Center in Cuenca - Ecuador. Different theoretical references that enhance this work were addressed, the constructivist paradigm, the importance and benefits of fine motor skills according to Rivas (2019) were exposed.The Early Education Curriculum (2014) was also considered as a fundamental part in relation to fine motor skills in the field of body expression and motor skills. The methodology is a case study, under the socio-critical paradigm and with a qualitative approach, a categorization matrix was also elaborated where the techniques of participant observation, interview together with the instruments: observation guide and interview guide are shown. In this way, it resulted that the children have aspects to improve in the development of fine motor skills, especially in manual and visual-manual coordination. An educational intervention proposal called "Manitos en movimiento" was designed, consisting of a system of activities that work specifically on fine motor skills through grapho-plastic techniques that allow infants to acquire various skills. The evaluation was carried out through the implementation of techniques and instruments used in the diagnosis. As a result, the activities were of great help and support for the teacher of the "Rita Chavez" Early Education Center. Finally, the research made a significant contribution to 4D, since the use of these techniques addressed in the activities helped to stimulate the fine motor skills of the infants.