El uso de la música en educación básica subnivel elemental: formación musical a docentes de la escuela “Luis Cordero Crespo”

Abstract

The purpose of this degree work is to explore the potential of music for the development of the skills and competencies that are required in the integral training of students between second and fourth grade of elementary basic education in the Ecuadorian school. Once this potential is defined, taking into account the theoretical contributions of cognitive development according to Arguedas-Quezada (2015), López (2009), Moreno, (2003), Conejo (2012), Giráldez (2010) a manual of musical contents was developed as part of the micro curricular planning to fulfill the skills of the area of Cultural and Artistic Education in the elementary sub-level. This proposal arises from the diagnosis obtained in the experience of pre-professional practice at the “Luis Cordero Crespo” school in the city of Cuenca (Ecuador). Throughout a year and a half (7th, 8th and 9th cycle of the Basic Education career) the prevailing needs in educational practice could be evidenced, one of them, the use of music. The objective of this work is to promote the use of music in the classes of Cultural and Artistic Education and contribute with it to the musical training of teachers, in order to achieve an improvement in the artistic education of students. The theoretical foundations of this thesis revolve around the didactics of music, the role of music in the development of skills and abilities, cultural and artistic education in the national curriculum, music as part of cultural and artistic education and the contribution of teachers to the educational process through the use of the pedagogical potential of music. The research was carried out to the elementary sub-level basic education teachers, a total of 6 teachers from whom information was obtained applying data collection techniques and instruments, such as: surveys and interviews to learn about their perception of the use of music in the classes of Cultural and Artistic Education, the level of their musical knowledge and how both variables are related. Taking into consideration the information collected and the skills proposed by the curriculum of Cultural and Artistic Education for the elementary sublevel, the manual was created with the basic musical content that a teacher should master to make proper use of music in their classes. This product was validated by the same teachers participating in this research, through a focus group. Thus, the following hypothesis was corroborated: A teacher with a basic musical training, develops among his students the necessary skills to achieve a holistic and integral formation required for the level of elementary basic education.