Diseño de una guía pedagógica de orientación para fortalecer la comprensión lectora en el área de Lengua y Literatura en un estudiante de quinto año de educación básica

Abstract

This research focuses on reading comprehension as a means for students to understand what they read. This research arises from the experiences of educational intervention carried out in the pre-professional practices in the Educational Unit "F/M". Based on the development of the different activities, the students of the fifth year of parallel EGB "A" present learning difficulties in relation to the area of Language and Literature focused on reading comprehension, requiring the explicit use of strategies that facilitate this process. For this reason, this research has as a result the elaboration of a proposal called pedagogical guide with strategies linked to reading comprehension in its Inferential, Critical and Appreciation levels through the use of Barret's Taxonomy with the intention of improving the reading comprehension processes. Thus, a student has been chosen as the focus of study since it has been identified that the student has needs to strengthen the reading comprehension levels: inferential, critical and reading appreciation.

The research is developed through the qualitative approach, with an interpretative paradigm, based on the single case study method. The data collection techniques were participant observation, interviews, documentary review and the test to measure reading comprehension, which was developed according to the dimensions and indicators established in the categories of Thomas Barret's taxonomy. All these instruments made it possible to describe, reflect and analyze the data by means of triangulation. Based on the results of the research process, a pedagogical guide was designed with interactive activities that allow the practice of reading comprehension. The activities designed in the proposal consider the student's needs, which were identified through the test that combined with cooperative learning and PBL allow the stimulation of this important cognitive process in an optimal way. Finally, a rubric was designed as an instrument for validation by the specialists. It was approved by the experts and yielded favorable results for its application.